新托福语法中的独立成分

        1.副词和不是用作前置定语的分词;

　　2.不定式,介词,分词,同位语等短语;

　　3.所有的从句.

　　这种方式究竟有多大的作用呢?下面我们来看几个例句:

　　(1) Geophysicists have collaborated with archaeologists and anthropologists to study the magnetic properties of pottery and fireplaces at sites ------ by early humans.

　　A. occupied

　　B. occupying

　　C. which

　　D. were occupied

　　如果按照上面提到的标准去衡量,这个句子的题干就应该时这样的:

　　(Geophysicists have collaborated主句)(with archaeologists and anthropologists介词短语)(to study the magnetic properties不定式短语)(of pottery and fireplaces介词短语)(at sites介词短语)------(by early humans.介词短语)

　　将这些"独立成分"都去掉后就只剩下"Geophysicists have collaborated".由于题干的主句及其它部分都不缺少成分,作为答案的选项也必须是一个"独立成分".在不考虑词义的情况下,A,B,C3个选项似乎都可以.但是,如果B项可以的话,C也一定可以.反面证明两个选项都不行,答案自然是A了.

　　(2) During the late fifteenth century, ------ of the native societies fo America had professions in the fields of arts and crafts.

　　A. only a few

　　B. a few but

　　C. few, but only

　　D. a few only

　　还是按照前面提到的标准去衡量,这个句子的题干部分就会变成下面这样:

　　(During the late fifteenth century介词短语),-----(of the native societies fo America介词短语)had professions (in the fields介词短语)(of arts and crafts介词短语).

　　把独立成分去掉后就只剩下"------ had professions".一眼即可看出,句子缺少主语.答案自然就是A了．