2022年1月20日雅思阅读考题回顾

　　P1 Bovids 牛科动物

　　朗阁讲师点评

　　1. 由于本场考试参加人数较少，回忆不全，所以整体难度难以判断，如果仅从已知的一篇文章来看，难度中等。

　　2. 整体分析：一篇涉及动物类，其他不详。

　　本篇为旧题，在雅思阅读的文章中也有类似的话题。通常来说，自然说明文、社科说明文和记叙文通常出在前两篇，只需要阅读，不需要辨析观点;而像议论文通常则会出现在第三篇，且需要进行一定阅读理解。本篇采用填选择+匹配+填空的形式进行考察。是常见的组合形式，虽然选择题整体难度偏高，但是本篇选择题难度低，考察直白，题目和选项理解都很简单。填空题为问答型填空，请考生予以关注，题干理解要注意准确性。

　　3. 部分答案及参考文章：

　　Passage 1

　　题型:选择(3题);匹配(5题);填空(5题)

　　参考答案：

　　1. D

　　2.D,

　　3.C

　　4.C

　　5.B

　　6.D

　　7.A

　　8.B

　　9.royal antelope

　　10.the auroch

　　11.long splayed hooves

　　12.arid desert

　　13.pronghorn

　　参考文章和具体题目：

　　Bovids 牛科动物

　　A.The family of mammals called bovids belongs to the Artiodacty class, which also includes giraffes. Bovids are highly diverse group consisting of 137 species, some of which are man's most important domestic animals.

　　B. Bovids are well represented in most parts of Eurasia and Southeast Asian islands, but they are by far the most numerous and diverse in the latter.Some species of bovid are solitary, but others live in large groups with complex social structures. Although bovids have adapted to a wide range of habitats, from arctic tundra to deep tropical forest, the majority of species favour open grassland, scrub or desert. This diversity of habitat is also matched by great diversity in size and form: at one extreme is the royal antelope of West Africa, which stands a mere 25 cm at the shoulder, at the other, the massively built bisons of North America and Europe, growing to a shoulder height to 2.2m.

　　C. Despite differences in size and appearance, bovids are united by the possession of certain common features. All species are ruminants, which means that they retain undigested food in their stomachs, and regurgitate it as necessary. Bovids are almost exclusively herbivorous

　　D.Typically their teeth are highly modified for browsing and grazing: grass or foliage is cropped. with the upper lip and lower incisora** (the upper incisors are usually absent), and then ground down by the cheek teeth. As well as having cloven, or split, hooves, the males of ail bovid species and the females of most carry horns. Bovi horns have bony cores covered in a sheath of horny material that is constantly renewed from within; they are unbranched and never shed. They vary in shape and size; the relatively simple horns of a large Indian buffalo may measure around 4 m from tip to tip along the outer curve, while the various gazelles have horns with a variety of elegant curves.

　　E. Five groups, or sub-families, may be distinguished: Bovinae, Antelope, Caprinae, Cephalophinae and Antiloeapridae. The sub-family Bovinae comprises most of the larger bovids, including the African bongo, and nigae, eland, bison and cattle. Unlike most other bovids ,they are all non-territorial. The ancestors of the various species of domestic cattle banteng, gaur, yak and water buffalo are generally rare and endangered in the wild, while the aoroch (the ancestor of the domestic cattle of Europe) is extinct.

　　F. The term 'antelopel is not a very precise zoological name - it is used to loosely describe a number of bovids that have allowed different lines of development. Antelopes are typically long - legged, fast - running species, often with long home that may be laid along the back when the animal is in full flight. There are two main subgroups of antelope: Hippotraginae, which includes the oryx and the addax, and Antilopinae, which generally contains slighter and more graceful animals such as gazello and the springbok. Antelopes are mainly grassland species, but many have adapted to flooded grasslands; pukus, waterbucks and lechwes are all good at swimming, usually feeding in deep water, while the sitatunga has long, splayed hooves that enable it to walk freely on swampy ground.

　　G. The sub-family Caprinae includes the sheep and the goat, together with various relatives such as the goral and the tahr. Most are woolly or have long hair. Several species, such as wild goats,chamois and ibes, are agile cliff-and mountain-dewellers. Tolerance of extreme conditions is most marked in this group: Barbary and bighorn sheep have adapted to arid deserts, while Rocky Mountain sheep survive high up in mountains and musk oxen in arctic tundra.

　　H. The duiker of Africa belongs to the Cephalophinas sub-family. It is generally small and solitary, often living in thick forest. Although manly feeding on grass and leaves, some dnikers - unlike most other bovids - are believed to eat insects and feed on dead animal carcasses, and even to kill small animals.

　　I. Te pronghorn is the sole survivor of a New World sub-amily of herbivorous ruminants, the Antilocapridae in North America. Ilt is similar in appearance and habits to the Old World antelope. Although greatly reduced in numbers since the arrival of Europeans, and the subsequent enclosure of grasslands, the pronghorn is still found in considerable numbers throughout North America, from Washington State to Mexico. When alarmed by the approach of wolves or other predators, hairs on the pronghorn's rump stand erect, so showing and emphasizing the white patch there. At this signal, the whole herd gallops off at speed of over 60 km per hour.

　　Questions 1-3

　　Choose the correct letter, A. B. C or D.

　　Write the correct letter in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.

　　1. In which region is the biggest range of bovids to be found?

　　A .Africa

　　B .Eurasia

　　C. North America

　　D. South-east Asia

　　2 .Most bovids have a preference for living in

　　A. isolation

　　B. small groups

　　C. tropical forest

　　D. wide open spaces

　　3 Which of the following features do all bovids have in common?

　　A. Their horns are shot

　　B .They have upper incisors

　　C. They store food in the body

　　D. Their hooves are undivided

　　Questions 4-8

　　Look at the following characteristics (Question 4-8) and the list of sub-families below.

　　Match each characteristic with the correct sub-family, A, B, C or D

　　Write the correct letter, A, B, C or D, in boxes 4-8 on your answer sheet.

　　NB You may use any letter more than once

　　4 can endure very harsh environments

　　5 includes the ox and the cow

　　6 may supplement its diet with meat

　　7 can usually move at speed

　　8 does not defend a particular area of land

　　List of sub-amillies

　　A. Antelope

　　B. Bovinae

　　C. Caprinae

　　D. Cephalophinae

　　Questions 9-13

　　Answer the questions below.

　　Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet

　　10 Which species of Bvoinae has now died out?

　　11 What facilitates the movement of the sitatunga over wetland?

　　12 What sort of terrain do barbary sheep live in?

　　13 What is the only living member of the Antilocapridae sub family?

　　考试建议

　　1. 要根据自己每天可分布在雅思阅读的学习时间来判断自己的备考重点;

　　阅读中一个核心考点就是单词的同义替换，对这个关键点一定要把握。

　　2.等到了考试当天做题时：

　　各题型的组合策略做到熟练应用，避免反复回读文章。

　　遇到不确定答案的问题不能停留超过3分钟，保证正确率是首要。

　　不要忘记填答题卡。

　　3. 回顾2021年，从题材来看，雅思阅读四大常考话题依然是：教育/心理/语言类、科技/科普类、动植物类及历史/考古类。所以在平时也请多关注相关话题词的积累，并关注2016至2021年的考试回顾。