|
P1 天气预报的发展历史 P2 明星员工 Star Performers P3 视觉盲点 朗阁雅思阅读组教师徐航点评 1. 本次考试的难度总体中等。配对题依然稳定出现，题量达到15题左右。未出现单选或多选，但考到了句子完成配对。判断题量很大，每篇都有。第一篇的判断+填空模式延续。文章的话题和题型搭配也是在剑桥真题中都有迹可循，所以真题吃透非常必要。 2. 整体分析：历史类(P1)、商业管理(P2)、科学类(P3)。 本次考试的第二篇文章重复 20160114， 20121124雅思考试的原篇。P1和P3均为新题。判断题贯穿3篇文章。P1题型是常规的填空+判断篇章，两种顺序题型搭配出现，属于对某事物发展史进行介绍的说明文，按照时间发展的顺序进行说明，读起来难度不大。P2是商业管理类文章，文章理解难度不大，文章批判了对公司选取人才的传统的观点，讨论人才和选人标准之间的论证。讲公司考核员工主要的依据，才能是与生俱来的，是不变的，是需要公司去发现的。文章先用一段肯定了有才能的人的存在，然后分段讲到，才能是随时间变化的，是不能被精确度量的，是可以凭努力换来的。考察了段落细节配对。P3是常见的研究人类生命科学的文章，文章话题为什么人眼看东西会忽略一些东西，加上一些专家分析。题型上考察人名观点配对+句子配对的多个配对题。 3. 部分答案及参考文章： Passage 1：天气预报的发展历史 题型：判断题6 +填空题7 技巧分析： 本篇是对某事物发展史进行介绍的说明文，按照时间发展的顺序，读起来难度不大。判断出现在第一篇是最近考试常态，本次依然是常见判断+填空的组合。题型内部都有顺序性，两个题型之间可能按顺序出题或者穿插出题。第一篇应该控制在15-18分钟之内完成。 参考答案： 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. NG 5. T 6. T 参考原文： Passage 2：明星员工 Star Performers 题型：段落细节配对 4+判断 4+填空 5 技巧分析：第二篇难度中等。文章批判了对公司选取人才的传统的观点，讨论人才和选人标准之间的论证。讲公司考核员工主要的依据，才能是与生俱来的，是不变的，是需要公司去发现的。文章先用一段肯定了有才能的人的存在，然后分段讲到，才能是随时间变化的，是不能被精确度量的，是可以凭努力换来的。 参考答案： 段落细节配对： 28 One example from non-commerce/business settings that better system wins bigger stars F 29 One failed company that believes stars rather than system B 30 One suggestion that author made to acquire employees then to win the competition nowadays G 31 One metaphor to human medical anatomy that illustrates the problems of hiring stars. C 判断： 32 McKinsey who wrote The War for Talent had not expected the huge influence made by this book. NG 33 Economic condition becomes one of the factors which decide whether or not a country would prefer to hire foreign employees. YES 34 The collapse of Enron is caused totally by a unfortunate incident instead of company’s management mistake. NO 35 Football clubs that focus making stars in YES 填空： An investigation carried out on 1000 36 analysts of a survey by Harvard Business Review found a company hire a 37 star has negative effects. For instance, they behave considerably worse in a new team than in the 38 working environment that they used to be. They move faster than wall street and increase their 39 salary. Secondly, they faced rejections or refuse from those 40 rivals within the team. Lastly, the one who made mistakes had been punished by selling his/her stock share.相关话题文章参考： Smell and Memory Why does the scent of a fragrance ( 香味)or the mouldiness(陈腐)of an old trunk trigger such powerful memories of childhood? New research has the answer, writes Alexandra Witze. A You probably pay more attention to a newspaper with your eye’s than with your nose. But lift the paper to your nostrils ( 鼻孔) and inhale. The smell of newsprint might carry you back to your childhood, when your parents perused ( 精读) the paper on Sunday mornings. Or maybe some other smell takes you back-the scent of your mother’s perfume, the pungency ( 刺激性) of a driftwood campfire. Specific odours can spark a flood of reminiscences. Psychologists call it the “ Proustian phenomenon” ( 涌式现象), after French novelist Marcel Proust. Near the beginning of the masterpiece In Search of Lost Time, Proust’s narrator dunks ( 蘸) a madeleine cookie into a cup of tea - and the scent and taste unleash ( 释放) a torrent ( 连续不断的) of childhood memories for 3000 pages. B Now, this phenomenon is getting the scientific treatment. Neuroscientists Rachel Herz, a cognitive neuroscientist at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, have discovered, for instance, how sensory memories are shared across the brain, with different brain regions remembering the sights, smells, tastes and sounds of a particular experience. Meanwhile, psychologists have demonstrated that memories triggered by smells can be more emotional, as well as more detailed, than memories not related to smells. When you inhale, odour molecules ( 分子) set brain cells dancing within a region known as the amygdala (杏仁区 ) , a part of the brain that helps control emotion. In contrast, the other senses, such as taste or touch, get routed through other parts of the brain before reaching the amygdala. The direct link between odours and the amygdala may help explain the emotional potency ( 力量) of smells. “There is this unique connection between the sense of smell and the part of the brain that processes emotion,” says Rachel Herz. C But the links don’t stop there. Like an octopus ( 章鱼 ) reaching its tentacle ( 触 须) outward, the memory of smells affects other brain regions as well. In recent experiments, neuroscientists at University College London (UCL) asked 15 volunteers to look at pictures while smelling unrelated odours. For instance, the subjects might see a photo of a duck paired with the scent of a rose, and then be asked to create a story linking the two. Brain scans taken at the time revealed that the volunteers’ brains were particularly active in a region known as the olfactory cortex ( 嗅觉脑皮层) , which is known to be involved in processing smells. Five minutes later, the volunteers were shown the duck photo again, but without the rose smell. And in their brains, the olfactory cortex lit up again, the scientists reported recently. The fact that the olfactory cortex became active in the absence of the odour suggests that people’s sensory memory of events is spread across different brain regions. Imagine going on a seaside holiday, says UCL team leader, Jay Gottfried. The sight of the waves becomes stored in one area, whereas the crash of the surf goes elsewhere, and the smell of seaweed in yet another place. There could be advantages to having memories spread around the brain. “You can reawaken that memory from any one of the sensory triggers,” says Gottfried. “Maybe the smell of the sun lotion, or a particular sound from that day, or the sight of a rock formation.” Or in the case of an early hunter and gatherer ( out on a plain - the sight of a lion might be enough to trigger the urge to flee, rather than having to wait for the sound of its roar and the stench ( 恶臭) of its hide to kick in as well. D Remembered smells may also carry extra emotional baggage, says Herz. Her research suggests that memories triggered by odours are more emotional than memories triggered by other cues. In one recent study, Herz recruited five volunteers who had vivid memories associated with a particular perfume, such as opium for Women and Juniper Breeze from Bath and Body Works. She took images of the volunteers’ brains as they sniffed that perfume and an unrelated perfume without knowing which was which. (They were also shown photos of each perfume bottle.) Smelling the specified perfume activated the volunteers brains the most, particularly in the amygdala, and in a region called the hippocampus ( 海马体) , which helps in memory formation. Herz published the work earlier this year in the journal Neuropsychologia. E But she couldn’t be sure that the other senses wouldn’t also elicit ( 抽出) a strong response. So in another study Herz compared smells with sounds and pictures. She had 70 people describe an emotional memory involving three items-popcorn, fresh-cut grass and a campfire. Then they compared the items through sights, sounds and smells. For instance, the person might see a picture of a lawnmower, then sniff the scent of grass and finally listen to the lawnmower’s sound. Memories triggered by smell were more evocative than memories triggered by either sights or sounds. F Odour-evoked memories may be not only more emotional, but more detailed as well. Working with colleague John Downes, psychologist Simon Chu of the University of Liverpool started researching odour and memory partly because of his grandmothers stories about Chinese culture. As generations gathered to share oral histories, they would pass a small pot of spice or incense around; later, when they wanted to remember the story in as much detail as possible, they would pass the same smell around again. “It’s kind of fits with a lot of anecdotal evidence on how smells can be really good reminders of past experiences,” Chu says. And scientific research seems to bear out ( 证实) the anecdotes. In one experiment, Chu and Downes asked 42 volunteers to tell a life story, then tested to see whether odours such as coffee and cinnamon ( 肉 桂皮) could help them remember more detail in the story. They could. G Despite such studies, not everyone is convinced that Proust can be scientifically analysed. In the June issue of Chemical Senses, Chu and Downes exchanged critiques(批评) with renowned perfumer and chemist J. Stephan Jellinek. Jellinek chided ( 责备) the Liverpool researchers for, among other things, presenting the smells and asking the volunteers to think of memories, rather than seeing what memories were spontaneously evoked by the odours. But there’s only so much science can do to test a phenomenon that’s inherently different for each person, Chu says. Meanwhile, Jellinek has also been collecting anecdotal accounts of Proustian experiences, hoping to find some com:mon links between the experiences. “I think there is a case to be made that surprise may be a major aspect of the Proust phenomenon,” he says. “That’s why people are so struck by these memories.” No one knows whether Proust ever experienced such a transcendental ( 阜越的) moment. But his notions of memory, written as fiction nearly a century ago, continue to inspire scientists of today. Passage 3：视觉盲点 题型：人名观点配对+判断+句子完成配对 技巧分析：本篇文章话题为什么人眼看东西会忽略一些东西，加上一些专家分析。相关话题文章参考： 27-30 匹配 27.C 28.B 29.E 30.F 31-35 判断 31.TRUE 32.NOT GIVEN 33.NOT GIVEN 34.FALSE 35.NOT GIVEN 36-40 匹配 36.C 37. D 38. E 39. B 40. G 考试预测 1. 本场考试整体难度中等，话题有难度一般，题型上配对题比重较大，同时判断题比重也较大。基础的判断和填空练好很有必要。 2. 下场考试重点预测段落标题heading题，单选题和多选题。段落细节配对几乎每场必考。判断和填空预测出现在第一篇。剑桥真题中有大量的填空+判断题的组合，建议考生把准确率和速度训练到最好水平。 下场考试的话题可能有关自然科学类，历史类和人文类。 3. 重点浏览2012和2018年机经。 (责任编辑：jasmine) |
文中图片素材来源网络，如有侵权请联系删除
